In this Review, we explore how geographical location affects the gut microbiome and how different diets shape its composition and function. We examine the mechanisms by which whole dietary regimes, such as the Mediterranean diet, high-fibre diet, plant-based diet, high-protein diet, ketogenic diet and Western diet, influence the gut microbiome.
Here, we present a narrative review of the gut microbiome across the lifespan with a focus on its impacts on aging and age-related diseases in humans. We will describe how it is shaped, and features of the gut microbiome that have been associated with diseases at different phases of life and how this can adversely affect healthy aging.
HighlightsExposure to stress leading to stress-related disorders like depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative conditions.Developing resilience to the stress could be potential to replace or act as an alternative to the available therapies.Gut microbiome and gut-brain axis (GBA) play a significant role in developing resilience or susceptibility to stress.Gut microbiome in gut-dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Within the last decade, research regarding the human gut microbiome has exploded. The gut microbiome is now becoming known for its role in metabolism, immune defense, and behavior.
The understanding that changes in microbiome composition can influence chronic human diseases and the efficiency of therapies has driven efforts to develop microbiota-centred therapies such as first and next generation probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics, microbiota editing
It has been suggested that gut microbiota influence Parkinson’s disease (PD) via the gut–brain axis. . Higher HEI scores and fiber intake were associated with an increase in putative anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacteria, such as the genera Butyricicoccus and Coprococcus 1. Conversely, higher added sugar intake was associated with an increase in putative pro-inflammatory bacteria, such as the genera Klebsiella.This suggests that a healthy diet may support gut microbiome that has a positive influence on PD risk and progression.
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